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立夏是中國傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣中的第七個節(jié)氣，標(biāo)志著由春入夏的季節(jié)變遷，今天我們就來學(xué)習(xí)一下，“立夏”用英語怎么表達(dá)~

1.節(jié)氣起源

The term Start of Summer was originated at the end of the Warring States Period (239BC). Since it is a key time for the harvest of summer crops, ancient Chinese emperors in different dynasties attached great importance to the Start of Summer.

立夏起源于戰(zhàn)國末期(公元前239年)，因為立夏是夏季農(nóng)作物收獲的關(guān)鍵時期，中國歷代帝王都非常重視立夏。

“The Beginning of Summer” comes on May 5th or May 6th every year. When the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 45 degrees, it’s the beginning of the summer.

“立夏”于每年5月5日-5月6日到來。這時太陽到達(dá)天文經(jīng)度45°，象征著夏天的開始。

2. 節(jié)氣特征

In ancient China, people divided Start of Summer into three periods, first period: the sounding of the crickets; second period: the earthworms coming out; third period: the budding of the cucumber blossom. From this description, we can see that when Start of Summer begins, the first thing that occurs is the chirping of the crickets (or some people say frogs) in the fields, then the activity of the earthworms is seen and last the vine of the cucumber begins its rapid growth.

我國古代將立夏分為三候，“一候螻蟈鳴，二候蚯蚓出，三候王瓜生。”即是說這一節(jié)氣中首先可聽到蜊蜊蛄（即螻蛄）在田間的鳴叫聲（一說是蛙聲），接著大地上便可看到蚯蚓掘土，然后王瓜的蔓藤開始快速攀爬生長。

Astronomers indicate that during the solar period of Start of Summer, summer crops enter their final growth stages, the winter wheat begins its flowering and ripening stage, rape enters its final growth stage and the summer harvest is tentatively determined. As a result, the farmers have the proverb, “Summer harvest may be evaluated since Start of Summer.”

天文專家表示，立夏時節(jié)，夏收作物進(jìn)入生長后期，冬小麥揚花灌漿，油菜接近成熟，夏收作物年景基本定局，故農(nóng)諺有“立夏看夏”之說。

3. 傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗

迎夏儀式

In the Zhou Dynasty (1050-221 BC), the emperor led his officials to stage a welcome rite for the Start of Summer and encouraged his residents to seize the key time to do farm work. It's said that most of the decorations were arranged in the color red, including the emperor and the officials' dress, the jade pendants, the horses and the flags, in order to show respect to the god of summer and pray for a good harvest.

在周朝，帝王會率領(lǐng)群臣舉行迎夏儀式，并激勵他的子民們抓住關(guān)鍵時期干農(nóng)活。據(jù)說慶典儀式多以朱色裝飾，帝王和文武百官著朱色禮服，戴朱色玉佩，乘朱色馬匹，舉朱色旗幟，恭敬虔誠，向夏神祈求豐收。

吃立夏蛋

They put leftover tea into boiled water together with eggs and the original "tea egg" was created. Later people improved cooking methods and added spices to the eggs to make them taste delicious. Today tea egg has become a traditional snack in China.

人們把用剩的茶葉和雞蛋放在一起煮熟，這就做出了最初的“茶葉蛋”。后來人們改進(jìn)了烹調(diào)方式，加入香料使雞蛋更加美味。如今茶葉蛋已成為中國的一種傳統(tǒng)小吃。

斗蛋

As an old Chinese saying goes "hanging an egg on children's chest can prevent them from getting summer diseases,” parents will prepare boiled eggs and put them in a knitted bag before hanging them on their child’s chest. 

古時有句諺語“立夏胸掛蛋，孩子不疰夏”。立夏那天，家家戶戶煮好囫圇蛋（雞蛋帶殼清煮，不能破損），在冷水中浸上數(shù)分鐘之后再套上早已編織好的絲網(wǎng)袋，掛于孩子頸上。

When at school, children gather together to play egg competitions by colliding each other's eggs in pairs and the one whose egg is not broken wins.

到了學(xué)校里，孩子們便三五成群，進(jìn)行斗蛋游戲。蛋分兩端，尖者為頭，圓者為尾，斗蛋時蛋頭斗蛋頭，蛋尾擊蛋尾，一個一個斗，破者認(rèn)輸，直到分出高低。