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想要出國留學，有一關是必須要過的，那就是語言考試。語言考試無非就是雅思、托福這兩個大類，今天咱們就來講講雅思如何備考，以及有北雅國際英語名師Echo帶來的雅思閱讀技巧大解析，助你早日屠鴨！

一、雅思閱讀技巧

雅思閱讀的任務量大，話題多樣化，時間緊張，成為了很多烤鴨的心頭之患。很多考生試圖通過瘋狂的題海戰(zhàn)術來征服閱讀，最終事倍功半。作為一門考試，適量地刷題是必要的，但是積累背景詞匯表達、精讀句子和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)才是從根本上真正提高我們的閱讀能力。在備考過程中，除了劍橋雅思真題里的文章，我們還可以從源頭尋找相關內(nèi)容，進行泛讀和精讀交替練習，快速有效擴大知識儲備。

二、雅思閱讀話題分類

閱讀話題主要分為人文社科類（歷史、語言等）和自然科學類（生物、化學等）。在明確了這些話題之后，必要的工作就是要尋找這些話題的背景文章。閱讀A類文章大多選自國外人文類、經(jīng)濟類和科學類的知名報紙、雜志，如經(jīng)濟學人The Economist，衛(wèi)報The Guardian，美國國家地理雜志National Geography, New Scientist，Science, Popular Science 和Nature等。

三、雅思閱讀真經(jīng)

今天就帶大家一起來精讀一段來自BBC的歷史類文章。這類文章通常按照時間線索進行描述。同時，由于其歷史屬性，時態(tài)通常是過去式。BBC的該篇文章講述了在全歐第二大球場---溫布利球場（Wembley Stadium）建造前，英國的鐵路大亨Edward Watkin有感于法國巴黎塞納河畔（River Seine）埃菲爾鐵塔（Eiffel Tower）的建造，也有了一個宏偉的計劃（a grand scheme）：在英國倫敦的溫布利----現(xiàn)今赫赫有名的溫布利球場（Wembley Stadium）的所在位置---建造一座具有劃時代意義的世界第一高樓。

接下來，我們摘選了個段落進行賞析：

Sir Edward wanted Great Britain to have an equivalent. But, instead of building a rival tower in central London, he believed a marsh> His tower was meant to be the beacon for his new suburban paradise, comfortable homes set in pleasant parklands just a 12 minute train ride from Baker Street station. The poor would be able to swap the over-crowded disease-infested streets of central London for healthy country air. His park would also encourage city-dwellers to enjoy days out on his railway, with a trip up the tower being the icing on the cake.

背景小知識

Wembley Stadium  溫布利大球場是英格蘭國家足球場，建于1923年，位于英國倫敦，是英格蘭國家隊以及英格蘭國內(nèi)杯賽的決賽場地。由于它獨特的設計----有一個可以移動的伸展屋頂，因而也是全世界最大的可封頂式球場。

Metropolitan Railway  倫敦大都會鐵路，世界上最早的城市地鐵系統(tǒng)。由于當時電力尚未普及，使用的是蒸汽機車作為牽引。再加上排風不暢，乘客常常感到煙熏氣悶，有的人甚至昏倒在地鐵里。盡管如此，倫敦市民甚至皇親顯貴們都爭相乘坐這種地下列車。

四、雅思閱讀上文必備詞匯

equivalent  n.相等的東西  

outskirt  n.市郊   

spot n.地點   

grand adj.宏偉的，宏大的

scheme n.計劃  

connect v.連接

metropolitan n./adj. 大都會，大城市  

chairman n.主席，委員長    

beacon n.燈塔，立標  

suburban adj.郊區(qū)的   

paradise n.天堂；(某類活動或某類人的) 完美去處   

over-crowded adj.擁擠不堪的  

disease-infested adj.疾病滋生的

dweller  n.居民

五、雅思閱讀習語表達

icing on the cake

ice 作動詞，在烘焙中，表達在蛋糕上加糖霜。Icing on the cake字面意思是在蛋糕上撒糖衣，可以譯為中文的“錦上添花” 。在段落中，作者表達了這位鐵路大亨（railway magnate）并不想把他理想中的媲美埃菲爾鐵塔（an equivalent to the Eiffel Tower）的世界第一大樓建造在市中心地段(central London)，而是計劃建造在市郊地區(qū)（outskirts），既可以成為在市郊的完美去處（suburban paradise）,又可以讓市民們（city-dwellers）搭坐他的鐵路系統(tǒng)（railway）去他要建的大樓（tower），這么做不失為一舉兩得，錦上添花（being the icing  on the cake）。

六、雅思閱讀段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析

首句Sir Edward wanted Great Britain to have an equivalent.（他希望英國也有一座類似于埃菲爾鐵塔Eiffel Tower般具有劃時代意義的建筑）承接了上文關于埃菲爾鐵塔信息的介紹，而第二句以轉(zhuǎn)折詞But，引出了這段的中心：But, instead of building a rival tower in central London, he believed a marsh on the city's outskirts would be the perfect spot。他希望選址在倫敦郊區(qū)（outskirts）的沼澤濕地（mash），而不是在倫敦市中心（central London）建造和Eiffel Tower相媲美的建筑（rival tower）。隨后包含大量數(shù)據(jù)、地點、人物細節(jié)信息的句子解釋說明了此舉的意義，作為論據(jù)論證了中心句he believed a marsh on the city's outskirts would be the perfect spot。

七、雅思閱讀節(jié)選細節(jié)論證拆分

He had bought 280 acres of land in the Wembley area as part of his grand scheme to build an entire new community, connected to the city of London by the Metropolitan Railway, of which he had been chairman since 1872.

句子解構(gòu)：主句He had bought 280 acres of land in the Wembley area as part of his grand scheme to build an entire new community過去分詞短語connected to the city of London by the Metropolitan Railway作狀語，表達了他選址在郊區(qū)，可以通過大都會鐵路by the Metropolitan Railway把Wembley area和the city of London 相連（connect to）。

非限制性定語從句of which he had been chairman since 1872 形容修飾了逗號前的Metropolitan Railway。

最后，文末給大家附上了全文（源自Watkin’s Wembley Folly: London’s “Eiffel Tower”That Never Was，  www.bbc.co.uk）。

經(jīng)典原文閱讀

Before Wembley got its world famous football stadium, a Victorian railway magnate had even grander plans to turn the borough's marshy fields into London's answer to the Eiffel Tower.

Sir Edward Watkin's plan was simple but ambitious - build the tallest structure in the world. The railway magnate had been inspired by the 984ft (300m) tall Eiffel Tower, which was unveiled beside the River Seine in 1889. He wanted London to have one of its own.

"Like other Victorian men of the era he wanted to make his impact on the world," said Jason Sayer, of the London School of Architecture. "The tower was to be his legacy."

The Eiffel Tower was the world's tallest man-made structure when construction finished in 1889. Initially derided by some for being a monstrous addition to the city's fine architecture, it went on to become a global tourist attraction, recouping its ￡260,000 construction costs in the first seven months and becoming the perennial back drop for Parisian postcards.

Sir Edward wanted Great Britain to have an equivalent. But, instead of building a rival tower in central London, he believed a marsh on the city's outskirts would be the perfect spot.He had bought 280 acres of land in the Wembley area as part of his grand scheme to build an entire new community, connected to the city of London by the Metropolitan Railway, of which he had been chairman since 1872. His tower was meant to be the beacon for his new suburban paradise, comfortable homes set in pleasant parklands just a 12 minute train ride from Baker Street station. The poor would be able to swap the over-crowded disease-infested streets of central London for healthy country air. His park would also encourage city-dwellers to enjoy days out on his railway, with a trip up the tower being the icing on the cake.

"There was a lot of British pride going around at the time and he wanted to typify the country's global achievements," Mr Sayer said. "Part of it was down to him trying to do some public good, although how much the public needs a tower is debatable, but mostly it was down to his own ego."

His park, which included a boating lake, waterfall and various sporting grounds, opened in May 1894 and quickly became popular with some 100,000 visitors in its first few months. Those ambling lazily around the large green gardens would have heard the heavy clanking of metal as work continued on Sir Edward's tower.

But work was not going well. It had been designed by the London architects Stewart, McLaren and Dunn, who had seen off 67 competitors for the 500 Guinea prize.

Sir Edward had actually approached Gustave Eiffel to take on his tower, but the architect of the Parisian masterpiece politely declined, fearing his compatriots might think him "not so good a Frenchman as I hope I am" if he helped the English build a bigger tower than France's. Some of the designs had been fantastical and patently impractical, if not impossible. One was a 2,000ft high tower shaped like a multi-tiered wedding cake with a working railway spiralling up it. Another was described as an "aerial colony" complete with hanging vegetable gardens and a scale replica of the Great Pyramid on its summit. Stewart, McLaren and Dunn's winning entry closely resembled the Eiffel Tower, although it was made of steel as opposed to iron and, at 1,150ft (350m), was some 165ft (50m) taller than the Parisian centrepiece. It was to feature a 90-bedroom hotel, restaurant, theatre, shops, Turkish baths, winter gardens and promenades, as well as a weather station and observatory at the top.

But Wembley was the wrong place for such a project for two main reasons. Firstly, the ground was muddy and marshy and prone to subsidence. The first stage of the tower, consisting of four giant legs supporting a plateau 155ft (47m) in the air, was completed a short while after the park's opening. But it was soon developing an ominous lean that was even more pronounced two years later. Secondly, it was too far from central London. "Wembley was not the equivalent of the location of the Eiffel Tower to put it mildly," said Christopher Costelloe, director of the Victorian Society. "People would get there and find there was not much to see, certainly no panoramic view of London. "If he had built it in Hyde Park it would probably have been a roaring success." Sir Edward's hopes that his even partially built tower would enjoy the same immediate success as the Eiffel Tower were quickly dashed. Public interest in it waned with visitors donating only ￡27,000 of the ￡220,000 required. Sir Edward ploughed ￡100,000 of his own money into it, but by the end of 1894, work had ceased. In a bid to reignite public excitement, lifts were installed in 1896 to allow people to get up to the platform. However, during its first six months only 18,500 people paid to do so. The tower once mooted to be named after Queen Victoria became known instead as the "Shareholders' Dismay", "London Stump" and "Watkin's Folly". Sir Edward, who had also made an ill-fated attempt to dig a Channel tunnel in the 1880s, died in 1901. The following year his much-vaunted tower was closed to the public and in 1906 it was finally torn down.

Though Sir Edward's tower was a failure, his vision for Wembley was not. The park's leisure facilities proved popular and became a venue for large-scale gatherings. Wembley's place in the list of global icons would be assured when, in 1923, a magnificent new stadium, complete with twin towers, opened to host the FA Cup final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United. In 2002, when the stadium was torn down to be replaced by another landmark ground, workmen found large concrete foundations beneath the pitch. They were the first and last pieces of London's answer to the Eiffel Tower.

以上就是有關雅思如何備考及雅思閱讀技巧大解析，相信正在備考雅思的你，看完之后一定會收獲滿滿，我期望，今年的寒假，大家可以驚天逆轉(zhuǎn)！感謝Echo老師的投稿，每一次全力以赴的備課，都承載著無數(shù)主講老師的辛勤與汗水，最好的準備成就最好的課堂寒假，我們準備好了！