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北雅國(guó)際英語(yǔ)每日素材干貨分享，今日為大家?guī)?lái)雅思作文素材：人口流動(dòng)的原因和影響。

一、作文素材

Geographic mobility is the measure of how populations and goods move over time. Geographic mobility, population mobility, or more simply mobility is also a statistic that measures migration within a population.

Most theoretical models attribute the desire to relocate to the impact of wages and salary and employment on personal expected earnings. The prospect of gainful employment in another region leads to movement to capitalize on new opportunities and resources unavailable in the original community. Perceptions, gaps in prospective incomes, availability of accurate information, and geographic distance all play a part in the decision to migrate.

Social forces can also foster individual geographic mobility. Support from the community can increase the probability of relocation—it has been shown that the chances of migration in India improve when groups of houses from the same sub-caste all decide to move together. Demographically, research shows that one's level of education tends to correlate to higher mobility, especially among university graduates. Youth and a lack of a family or children correlate to increased mobility too, with the peak in mobility occurring in the mid to late 20s for populations surveyed in Europe.

Geographical mobility of labor allows the labor supply to respond to regional disparities, limiting economic inefficiencies. A mobile population allows a region to shed workers when jobs are scarce and gives those workers the opportunity seek employment elsewhere where opportunities might be better. Labor mobility theoretically leads to a more balanced and economically efficient distribution of jobs and resources overall. Individual employees can better match their skills to potential jobs on the open job market. While an increase in geographic mobility increases overall economic efficiency, the increased competition for jobs on the local level in otherwise prosperous regions could lead to higher unemployment than before the migration.

Geographic mobility allows for remittances from distant family members back to support local needs. Loans and transfers can flow back from migrated members of a community to sustain those who remain behind. Increasing long range personal mobility tends to lead to geographic expansion of an individual's support network. Long distance connections require more time to visit and minimizes the occurrence of unplanned social interaction. Increased mobility can decrease an individual's attachment to a local community and weaken local support networks. People often turn to information technology to maintain connections across distance, strengthening distance relationships and allowing people to pursue career opportunities despite geographic distance from a partner.

Increased geographic mobility increases the depth and quality of cultural exchange between communities. Travel and cooperation bring people together across cultural divides and facilitate the trade of customs and ideas. New community members bring unique talents and skills that can improve overall services and bring additional opportunity to an area. On the other hand, accelerated cultural exchange can dilute existing customs and cause social friction between competing immigrating populations too. Residents in communities with a large percentage of highly mobile occupants also worry about long term social cohesion. Rapid turnover can lead to cultural isolation and sometimes prevents neighbors from building close cohesive relationships.

二、詞伙翻譯

gainful employment 有收益的職業(yè)

capitalize on new opportunities  利用新機(jī)會(huì)

geographic distance 地理上的距離

social forces  社會(huì)力量

geographic mobility  地理流動(dòng)性

population mobility 人口流動(dòng)性

cause social friction  引起社會(huì)摩擦

about long term social cohesion 關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期社會(huì)凝聚力

increased mobility  增加機(jī)動(dòng)性

regional disparities  區(qū)域差異

maintain connections  保持連接

across cultural divides 跨越文化鴻溝

accelerated cultural exchange  加速文化交流

jobs are scarce  工作機(jī)會(huì)稀少

the open job market  開(kāi)放的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)

distant family members 遠(yuǎn)親

long range personal mobility  遠(yuǎn)距離個(gè)人機(jī)動(dòng)性

support network 支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)

attachment to a local community  對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的依戀

building close cohesive relationships 建立緊密的內(nèi)聚關(guān)系

今日分享結(jié)束，我們明天見(jiàn)哦~