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立冬是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣中的第十九個(gè)節(jié)氣，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下關(guān)于立冬的英語(yǔ)“冷”知識(shí)。

立冬就代表著入冬嗎？

立冬的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)很簡(jiǎn)單，即Start of Winter。

In fact, the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology. The climate every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. And with the vast territory of China, winter time starts at different times in different areas.

事實(shí)上，從氣象學(xué)上講，立冬并非冬天的開始。每年的氣候都是不一樣的，因而冬天開始的時(shí)間也會(huì)有所差異。由于中國(guó)幅員遼闊，每個(gè)地區(qū)的冬季也不會(huì)在同一時(shí)間開始。

立冬的氣候特征

迎冬儀式

The beginnings of the four seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter, the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat. On that day, the emperor would lead his officials to the suburbs and perform the ceremony of "welcoming the winter".

古時(shí)，“四立”都是重要的節(jié)日。立冬之前，帝王會(huì)沐浴齋戒，到了節(jié)日當(dāng)天，將率領(lǐng)百官到郊外舉行迎冬儀式。

“四立”為立春、立夏、立秋、立冬

餃子的由來(lái)

A legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD25-220), "Medical Saint" Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan province from a typhoid epidemic and their ears’ from being frostbitten around Start of Winter.

傳說(shuō)在東漢末年(公元25—220年)，“醫(yī)圣”張仲景救了許多河南人，讓他們免于流行傷寒，幫助他們?cè)诔醵瑫r(shí)耳朵免于凍傷。

He cooked mutton, hot peppers and herbs to dispel the cold and increase body heat. He wrapped these ingredients into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape. Since then, people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling". Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten".

他通過(guò)煮羊肉、辣椒和一些草藥來(lái)給大家驅(qū)寒，增加體溫。他把這些配料包在一個(gè)面皮里，做成耳朵形狀。從那時(shí)起，人們就學(xué)會(huì)了包餃子。今天仍然有一個(gè)說(shuō)法，“在初冬吃餃子，否則你的耳朵會(huì)被凍傷”。

養(yǎng)冬

On the first day of Start of Winter, there is a custom, "nourishing the winter", in places in Southeast China such as Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. To prepare for the oncoming cold winter, people there like to eat high-calorie food such as chicken, duck, beef, mutton, and fish, which are usually stewed with the four Chinese medicines: angelica, ligusticum wallichii, Chinese herbaceous peony and rehmannia glutinosa libosch, to enhance the effectiveness of the nourishment.

在立冬的第一天，在中國(guó)東南部的福建、廣東和臺(tái)灣等省份有一個(gè)習(xí)俗，叫“養(yǎng)冬”。為了應(yīng)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的寒冷冬天，那里的人們喜歡吃高熱量的食物，如雞、鴨、牛肉、羊肉和魚，這些食物通常與當(dāng)歸、川芎、芍藥、地黃四味中藥一起燉，以提高營(yíng)養(yǎng)的功效。

吃團(tuán)子

On the first day of Start of Winter, people in Wuxi have a custom of eating tuanzi, a kind of traditional Chinese food made with rice. At this time, the autumn grain crops have just been sold on the market, and the tuanzi made by the newly-harvested crops tastes delicious. Most rural residents make tuanzi by themselves, while urban residents buy ready-made tuanzi. The tuanzi stuffing can be sweet bean paste, radish or lard.

在立冬的第一天，無(wú)錫人有吃團(tuán)子的習(xí)俗，團(tuán)子是一種用大米做成的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)食物。此時(shí)，秋糧剛剛上市銷售，新收獲的作物做的團(tuán)子味道鮮美。大多數(shù)農(nóng)村居民自己制作團(tuán)子，而城市居民購(gòu)買現(xiàn)成的團(tuán)子。團(tuán)子餡可以是豆沙、蘿卜或豬肉。