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清明節(jié)是我國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也是二十四節(jié)氣之一，至今已有2500多年的歷史，是最重要的祭祀節(jié)日之一，雖然各地習(xí)俗不盡相同，但掃墓祭祖、踏青郊游仍然是節(jié)日的基本主題。

1. 清明節(jié)的幾種譯法

Tomb Sweeping Festival

Tomb-sweeping Day

掃墓節(jié)、掃墓日，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了清明節(jié)的重要習(xí)俗“掃墓”。一聽就能大概明白這個(gè)節(jié)日的背后含義。

Qingming Festival

Pure Bright Festival

Clear Brightness Festival

作為節(jié)氣的清明，它被譯為"Clear and Bright"，清潔和明亮。這種譯法強(qiáng)調(diào)的是清明時(shí)節(jié)的氣候狀況。

2. 清明的氣候特征

"Pure Brightness" describes the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, making it a crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring. 

“清明”中的“清”和“明”是用來描述這段時(shí)期的天氣狀況的。溫度上升和降雨增多，這段時(shí)間成為春季耕作和播種的關(guān)鍵期。

According to Chinese tradition, every five days in the 15 days after Qingming are separated as a “hou.” In the first hou, Tung trees begin to bud; rats go underground during the second hou; and rainbows start to show in the third hou.

中國傳統(tǒng)從清明起的15天內(nèi)每隔5天分出三候：一候桐始華；二候田鼠化為鵪；三候虹始見。

3. 清明節(jié)習(xí)俗 

掃墓祭祖 

Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead with offerings are the two important practices to remember the late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care for the dead. The dead person's favorite food,  wine and chopsticks are offered on their tombs, along with paper money.

掃墓和獻(xiàn)上供品對逝者表示敬意，是兩種紀(jì)念逝去親友的重要習(xí)俗。為表示對逝者的關(guān)懷，墓邊的雜草被清除并蓋上新鮮的土壤。逝者最喜歡的食物、酒和筷子連同紙錢一起被供奉在墓邊。

踏青

Stepping the greens also known as spring outing, or spring visiting and spring searching in the old days. During the Qingming period, spring returns and everything in nature takes on a new look. It is a great time for outing. This custom can be traced back to a long time ago and followed till today.

踏青又叫春游。古時(shí)叫探春、尋春等。清明時(shí)節(jié)，春回大地，自然界到處呈現(xiàn)一派生機(jī)勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好時(shí)光。我國民間長期保持著清明踏青的習(xí)慣。

食青團(tuán)

People in the Jiangnan region often eat this kind of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice. 

江南地區(qū)的人們經(jīng)常在清明節(jié)食用這種由糯米制成的綠色團(tuán)子。由于糯米中混合雀麥草汁，所以團(tuán)子呈綠色。

4. 清明節(jié)古詩詞 

《清明》

（唐）杜牧

清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。

借問酒家何處有? 牧童遙指杏花村。

The Mourning Day

（許淵沖 譯）

A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.

Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

A cowherd points to a cot' mid apricot flowers.

· drizzle v. 下毛毛雨

· mourning n. 悼念

· drown vt. 澆滅，把……淹沒

· mid prep. 在……之中

· apricot flower 杏花

許淵沖老師的譯作押aabb韻，韻腳是day, way；hours, flowers，讀起來朗朗上口，尤其是第一句，非常有趣。我們漢語中說“淚如雨下”，可以譯作Tears fall like rain. 或者直接說 Tears rain. 在許老的譯作中清明節(jié)“雨如淚下”，有效地烘托了清明節(jié)哀而不傷的氛圍。

清明節(jié)是一個(gè)懷念的日子，它提醒我們，不要忘記先人，不要忘記過去，珍惜歲月，珍惜生命，珍惜身邊人。